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9. Intangible assets

(a) 2014

Balance as at 1 January 2014Research and development expensesGoodwillComputer software, licenses, concessions and patentsEasement rightsCustomer relationsTotal
Cost opening balance               3 375           149 909             220 145               12 206               16 000             405 535  
Accumulated amortization  (332)  -          (165 703)  (658)             (4 960)          (175 553) 
Impairment loss   -            (23 184)  (218)  -   -            (23 402) 
Net carrying amount opening balance               3 043             126 725               54 224               11 548               11 040             206 580  
Changes in 12 months ended 31 December 2014      
Reclassifications  -   -              24 542                 7 000    -              31 542  
Acquisition  -   -              13 488   59  -              13 547  
Disposal (cost)  -   -            (10 518)   -   -            (10 518) 
Disposal (accumulated amortization)  -   -                8 711    -   -                8 711  
Depreciation (92)  -            (18 699)  (600)             (8 832)            (28 223) 
Impairment loss (-)  -              (3 131)   -   -   -              (3 131) 
Acquisition of subsidiaries   -              79 414                 2 362                 3 600    -              85 376  
Liquidation (cost)   -   -              (7 074)   -   -              (7 074) 
Liquidation (accumulated amortization)  -   -                6 799    -   -                6 799  
Other   -   -            1 974   -              -                 1 974  
Other (accumulated amortization)  -   -  364  -             -  364

(b) 2013

Balance as at 31 January 2013  Research and development expensesGoodwillComputer software, licenses, concessions and patentsEasement rightsCustomer relationsCertificates exchange agreementsAgreements on supply of coalTotal
Cost opening balance                3 375             149 909             203 902                 6 137               16 000                 3 900                 3 520             386 743  
Accumulated amortization  -239  -          (155 210)  -378             (1 120)              (1 517)              (3 520)          (161 984) 
Impairment loss   -            (23 184)  -218  -   -   -   -            (23 402) 
Net carrying amount opening balance               3 136             126 725               48 474                 5 759               14 880                 2 383                         -            201 357  
Changes in the 12 months ended 31 December 2013        
Reclassifications  -   -              20 514                 6 056    -   -   -              26 570  
Acquisition  -   -  665 13  -   -   -  678
Disposal (cost)  -   -              (7 560)   -   -   -   -              (7 560) 
Disposal (accumulated amortization)  -   -                7 520    -   -   -   -                7 520  
Depreciation  -93  -            (21 391)  -280             (3 840)              (2 383)   -            (27 987) 
Other (Impairment loss)  -   -                2 624    -   -   -              (3 520)  -896
Other   -   -                3 378    -   -   -                3 520                 6 898  
Balance as at 31 December 2013            
Cost closing balance               3 375             149 909             220 145               12 206               16 000                 3 900                         -            405 535  
Accumulated amortization  -332  -          (165 703)  -658             (4 960)              (3 900)                        -          (175 553) 
Impairment loss   -            (23 184)  -218  -   -   -   -            (23 402) 
Net carrying amount closing balance               3 043             126 725               54 224               11 548               11 040                         -                        -            206 580  

No collateral has been established on intangible assets.