(a) Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries include all entities whose financial and operational policy may be managed by the Group, which usually results from the majority of votes in the Company’s decision-making bodies. When assessing whether the Group controls an entity, the existence and impact of potential voting rights that may be exercised or exchanged at a given moment are taken into consideration. The subsidiaries are subject to consolidation using the full method as from the date of the Group’s assumption of control over such entities. They are not consolidated starting from the date when the Group loses control over them.
The cost of business combination, which is not under common control, is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. Identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired in a business combination are measured initially at their fair value at the acquisition date, irrespective of the minority interest, if any.
The Group measures non-controlling interests in proportion to their share in the fair value of identifiable acquired net assets. In the following periods the value of non-controlling interests accounts for the amount recognized at the initial recognition adjusted by changes in the subsidiary’s net assets in proportion to the non-controlling interests’ share. The total comprehensive income is allocated to non-controlling interests even when it results in their negative value.
If a gain for a bargain purchase occurs, the Group verifies the fair value of each net asset acquired. If following the verification, the outcome remains negative, it is recognized in profit or loss.
Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between Group’s companies are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless there is an impairment indicator of the transferred asset. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.
(b) Associates and joint-ventures
Associates include all entities over which the Group has a substantial influence without exercising control, which usually results from holding 20%-50% of the total number of votes in an entity’s decision-making bodies. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method and are initially recognized at cost. Any surplus of the cost over the fair value of identifiable net assets of an associate as of the acquisition date is recognized as goodwill. Goodwill is included in the carrying amount of investments with impairment measured in relation to the total investment value. Any surplus of the Group's interest in the net amount of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over the acquisition cost after revaluation is immediately recognized in profit or loss.
Joint-ventures include all entities over which Enea SA exercises control together with other companies based on contractual arrangements. Investments in jointly-controlled entities are accounted for using the equity method in the same way as investments in associates.
The post-acquisition Group’s share in profits or losses of associates and/or joint-ventures is recognized in the profit or loss, and Group’s share of post-acquisition movements in other capitals is recognized in other capitals. The carrying value of investments is adjusted by post-acquisition cumulative changes in equity. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate or joint-venture equals or exceeds its interest in the equity accounted associate or joint venture, including any other unsecured receivables, recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Group has an obligation or has made payments on behalf of the investee.
Unrealized gains on transactions between the Group and associates or joint-ventures are eliminated proportionally to the Group’s interest in these entities. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of impairment of the transferred asset. Accounting policies of associates and jointly controlled entities have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.