Property, plant and equipment is measured at acquisition price or manufacturing cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
Further expenditures are recognized in the carrying amount of a given fixed asset or recognized as a separate fixed asset (where appropriate) only if it is probable that the Group will generate economic benefits in connection with such an asset, whereas the cost of an item may be reliably measured. Any other expenditure incurred for repair and maintenance are recognized in profit or loss in the period when they are incurred.
If a fixed asset is replaced, the cost of the replaced component of the asset is recognized in its carrying amount, whereas the carrying amount of the replaced component is derecognized from the statement of financial position irrespective of whether it has been depreciated separately, and recognized in profit or loss.
Land is not subject to depreciation. Other fixed assets are depreciated using the straight-line method over the expected useful life of the asset. Depreciation is calculated based on the gross value reduced by the residual value, provided it is material. Each material component of a fixed asset with a different useful life is depreciated separately.
The useful lives of fixed assets are as follows:
- buildings and structures 10 – 80 years
- including power grids 33 years
- technical equipment and machines 4 – 50 years
- vehicles 5 – 20 years
- other fixed assets 4 – 25 years
The residual value and useful lives of fixed assets are reviewed at least on an annual basis.
Depreciation begins when a given asset has been commissioned for use. Depreciation is no longer recognized when an asset is to be sold or derecognized from the statement of financial position.
The Group receives fixed assets constituting electricity infrastructure free of charge. Until 31 December 2009, fixed assets taken over were measured at fair value upon initial recognition, with the corresponding entry to deferred income from fixed assets received free of charge, settled over time proportionally to depreciation of these fixed assets. Since 1 January 2010 components of electricity infrastructure received free of charge have been fully recognized in revenues at the moment of acquisition.
Gains and losses on disposal of fixed assets, which constitute the difference between revenue from sales and the carrying amount of the fixed asset disposed of, are recognized in profit or loss.